This video lecture from Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers (F.Sc. second year Chemistry) covers the reactions of phenol in which benzene ring is involved. Halogens give a substitution reaction while hydrogenation follows an addition reaction. Hydroxyl group makes phenol ortho and para directing in nature. Formaldehyde reacts with phenol to yield hydroxybenzyl alcohols which further polymerize into Bakelite. Find more e-learning material and educational video lectures in Urdu at maktab.pk. These videos are free to use for promotional and commercial purpose by keeping the credits to Maktab.